Make a five-role inventory
List canvas, text, action, emphasis and boundary. Canvas is the main reading surface; text carries ordinary information; action marks interactive controls; emphasis highlights occasional editorial material; boundary distinguishes adjacent regions. For each role, write the elements that use it and the states they need. A button, for example, may need default, focus, disabled and pending states. Avoid assigning a single new color for every state before deciding how labels, borders or other cues can make the distinction understandable. This keeps the palette manageable without hiding behavior.